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VOL. 3, ISSUE 4 (2021)
A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on electrocardiogram among 3rd & 4th year B.Sc nursing students in a selected nursing institution
Authors
Nisha Abraham, Abdul Rahman Machingal
Abstract
Electrocardiogram is widely used as a diagnostic tool in the cardiovascular system. Electrocardiogram is a simple, non-invasive, safe, fast, low-cost and easy procedure in cardiovascular assessment. The electrocardiogram is a method of recording the electrical activity of the heart. For every electrocardiogram, certain features should be examined systematically viz., heart rate, evaluation of specific waves like P, QRS and T waves, intervals like P-R, R-R and Q-T intervals, segments like P-R and S-T segments and rhythm identification [4]. ‘P’ wave represents atrial depolarization. The abnormality may lie in the absence of P wave or tall P wave. Absent P wave denotes disorders like atrial fibrillation where the P wave is replaced by numerous small irregular fibrillatory waves. In atrial flutter, P wave is replaced by flutter (F) wave. In ventricular tachycardia P waves are difficult to identify as they are buried in wide QRS complex and in Hyper Kalemia, P waves are reduced in amplitude and associated with tall T wave and widened QRS complex. ‘QRS complex’ denotes ventricular repolarization. The abnormalities which show the cardiac conditions are classified into; low voltage QRS complex in which the voltage of R wave in limb leads is less than 5mm and in precordial leads is less than 10mm. The abnormalities are diagnosed as follows: diffuse myocardial disease, hypothyroidism, pericarditis, obesity, thick chest wall, pulmonary emphysema and pericardial effusion. In wide QRS complex condition the duration is more than 0.04 to 0.08 seconds. The causes of wide QRS complex are; bundle branch block, intraventricular conduction defect by antiarrhythmic drugs, electrolyte imbalance, myocardial disease and Wolff Parkinson and White (WPW) syndrome. ‘T’ wave denotes the ventricular depolarization. The abnormalities of T wave are: ventricular hypertrophy in which there will be inverted T wave and in hyperkalemia there will be tall ‘T’ wave. ‘Q-T’ interval denotes the total duration of ventricular systole. The abnormalities of Q-T interval may be prolonged Q-T interval in which the duration is greater than 0.43 seconds and in shortened Q-T interval, the duration is less than 0.35 seconds. The abnormalities of ‘S-T’ segments are classified into S-T segment depression and S-T segment elevation. S-T segment depressions are caused by the following conditions: cardiomyopathy, coronary insufficiency and ventricular hypertrophy. The causes of S-T segment elevation are: coronary artery disease, which includes myocardial infarction, angina and post infarction syndrome, acute pericarditis, and ventricular aneurysm [5].
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Pages:56-60
How to cite this article:
Nisha Abraham, Abdul Rahman Machingal "A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on electrocardiogram among 3rd & 4th year B.Sc nursing students in a selected nursing institution ". International Journal of Educational Research and Development, Vol 3, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 56-60
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